vowel - a speech sound made when air is free to pass through the mouth with little or no obstruction
consonant - a speech sound made when there is complete or partial obstruction of air in the mouth
diphthong - a sound made by the combination of two vowel sounds in a single syllable or where the sound starts as one vowel and moves towards another vowel
intonation - change in pitch of a sentence, up and down; the music or rhythm of speech