Consonant Gradation In Nouns (= Astevaihtelu)

Terms:

• Consonant gradation - consonant changes and alternates between various grades according to its morphological or syntactic environment
• Noun - any part of speech that can be inflected using noun cases (genitive, partitive etc.). In Finnish nouns, adjectives, pronouns and numerals belong to this group.

Explanatory links:

• History of the phenomenon if you'd like to understand the reasons for consonant gradation better.
• http://www.uusikielemme.fi/consonantgradation.html
• This one is simple, but I as I prefer to translate parts of it, I copy part of the site:

Nominien astevaihtelu - consonant gradation in nouns
kun perusmuodon lopussa on a, i, o, u, y, ä tai ö - when the basic form ends with one of the listed vowels
Note that nominative (basic form) is on the left in the first chart and on the right in the second one.

laukku	kk -> k	laukut
kaappi	pp -> p	kaapista
matto	tt -> t	matolla
selkä	k -> -	selässä
rapu	p -> v	ravut
äiti	t -> d	äidille
kenkä	nk -> ng	kengästä
ranta	nt -> nn	rannalla
multa	lt -> ll	mullassa
parta	rt -> rr	parran
rumpu	mp -> mm	rummulla

kun perusmuodon lopussa on e tai konsonantti - when the basic form ends with e or consonant

rikkaille	kk <- k	rikas
reippaan	pp <- p	reipas
keittimellä	tt <- t	keitin
kokeet	k <- -	koe
varpaat	p <- v	varvas
taiteesta	t <- d	taide
kankaassa	nk <- ng	kangas
vanteesta	nt <- nn	vanne
altaalla	lt <- ll	allas
aarteet	rt <- rr	aarre
lampaalle	mp <- mm	lammas

Videos:

• The audio isn't too good, but this might still be worth of watching to get the big picture: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=katWu3RepHc
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wk0gaT_wtTA

Exercises:

• http://venla.info/exercise-12.php